Roundworms (Capillaria)

Roundworms, also known as ascarids, are a type of parasitic worm that can infect hedgehogs. The most common species affecting hedgehogs is Toxocara canis, which is the same species that commonly infects dogs.

Roundworms have a typical lifecycle involving eggs that are passed in the feces of infected animals. These eggs can survive in the environment for extended periods, waiting to be ingested by a host animal, such as a hedgehog. Once inside the hedgehog's digestive tract, the eggs hatch into larvae, which can then migrate through the body, including the liver and lungs, before reaching the intestines, where they mature into adult worms.

In hedgehogs, roundworm infection can cause a range of symptoms, including weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and a pot-bellied appearance. In severe cases or with heavy infestations, roundworms can lead to intestinal blockages, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis of roundworm infection in hedgehogs usually involves a combination of clinical signs, fecal tests to detect the presence of worm eggs, and sometimes imaging techniques like X-rays to assess the extent of the infestation.

Treatment typically involves deworming medications prescribed by a veterinarian, which are effective at eliminating the parasites. Depending on the severity of the infection, multiple treatments may be necessary to ensure all worms are eradicated. Additionally, supportive care such as fluid therapy or nutritional support may be needed for hedgehogs that are debilitated by the infection.

Prevention is key in managing roundworm infections in hedgehogs. This includes maintaining a clean living environment, regularly removing feces from the enclosure, and minimizing exposure to contaminated soil or feces from other animals. Additionally, deworming hedgehogs regularly as recommended by a veterinarian can help prevent and control roundworm infections.